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| 1803 |
| | | English chemist John Dalton reads a paper describing his Law of Partial Pressure in gases (discovered in 1801) | |
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| 1803 |
| | | At the end of his Partial Pressure paper, John Dalton makes brief mention of his radical theory of differing atomic weights | |
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| 1807 |
| | | English chemist Humphry Davy uses electrolysis to isolate the elements sodium and potassium | |
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| 1809 |
| | | French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac shows that when gases combine they do so in simple ratios by volume (later known as his Law of Combining Volumes) | |
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| 1809 |
| | | French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck argues in Zoological Philosophy that creatures can inherit acquired characteristics | |
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| 1811 |
| | | A 12-year-old Dorset child, Mary Anning, discovers at Lyme Regis a 21 ft (6.4m) fossil of an icthyosaur | |
|  | Fossil of Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus, a marine reptile
Natural History Museum, London
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| 1811 |
| | | Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro publishes a hypothesis, about the number of molecules in gases, that becomes known as Avogadro's Law | |
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| 1812 |
| | | French scientist Georges Cuvier introduces scientific palaeontology with his Research on the Fossil Bones of Quadrupeds | |
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| 1816 |
| | | René Laënnec, reluctant to press his ear to the chest of a young female patient, finds a solution in the stethoscope | |
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| 1817 |
| | | German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer observes and draws dark lines in the solar spectrum | |
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